Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Add Comparison

2021 Population

857,997

1.99% 1-year growth

2021 Median Age

41.2

0.242% 1-year decrease

2021 Poverty Rate

10.4%

0.173% 1-year decrease

2021 Median Household Income

$73,091

4.76% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$227,900

3.97% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

423,000

1.76% 1-year growth

About

In 2021, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ had a population of 858k people with a median age of 41.2 and a median household income of $73,091. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ grew from 841,265 to 857,997, a 1.99% increase and its median household income grew from $69,769 to $73,091, a 4.76% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are White (Non-Hispanic) (70.9%), White (Hispanic) (8.11%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (5.13%), Two+ (Hispanic) (4.69%), and Other (Hispanic) (4.41%).

None of the households in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

95.8% of the residents in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are Lehigh University (2,158 degrees awarded in 2021), Northampton County Area Community College (1,471 degrees), and DeSales University (983 degrees).

In 2021, the median property value in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was $227,900, and the homeownership rate was 68.9%.

Most people in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 27.5 minutes. The average car ownership in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was 2 cars per household.

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ borders East Stroudsburg, PA, New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA, Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD, Pottsville, PA, Reading, PA, and Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA.

About the photo: Tannery, Moravian Historical Buildings, Bethlehem, PA

Photo by Todd Heft

United States New Jersey Pennsylvania

Population & Diversity

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ is home to a population of 858k people, from which 95.8% are citizens. As of 2021, 9.71% of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ residents were born outside of the country (83.3k people).

In 2021, there were 8.74 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (609k people) in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ than any other race or ethnicity. There were 69.6k White (Hispanic) and 44.1k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Population & Diversity

Citizenship

95.8%

2021 Citizenship

96%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 95.8% of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was 96%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ

White (Non-Hispanic)
609k ± 797
White (Hispanic)
69.6k ± 2.52k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
44.1k ± 1.04k

18.4%

Hispanic Population

158k people

18.4% of the people in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are hispanic (158k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the MSA level, so we are showing data for Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Most Common Origin

India
372,485 ± 20,329 people
Dominican Republic
281,320 ± 17,837 people
Mexico
158,146 ± 13,541 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Pennsylvania and New Jersey was India, the natal country of 372,485 Pennsylvania and New Jersey residents, followed by Dominican Republic with 281,320 and Mexico with 158,146.

Foreign-Born Population

9.71%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

83.3k people

9.48%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

79.7k people

As of 2021, 9.71% of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ residents (83.3k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was 9.48%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
16,316 ± 821
Gulf War (2001-)
6,629 ± 702
Gulf War (1990s)
5,221 ± 568

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.46 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ employs 423k people. The largest industries in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are Health Care & Social Assistance (68,369 people), Manufacturing (56,695 people), and Retail Trade (47,362 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($87,076), Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($82,774), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($63,637).

Males in Pennsylvania have an average income that is 1.33 times higher than the average income of females, which is $57,734. The income inequality in Pennsylvania (measured using the Gini index) is 0.467, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Occupations

423k

2021 Value

± 5,115

1.76%

1 Year growth

± 1.68%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ grew at a rate of 1.76%, from 416k employees to 423k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (47,102 people), Management Occupations (41,807 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (40,649 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Pennsylvania and New Jersey (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Industries

Employment by Industries

423k

2021 Value

± 5,115

1.76%

1 Year growth

± 1.68%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ grew at a rate of 1.76%, from 416k employees to 423k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ, are Health Care & Social Assistance (68,369 people), Manufacturing (56,695 people), and Retail Trade (47,362 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ, though some of these residents may live in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$52,205

Median earning men ± $792

$35,065

Median earning women ± $657

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Public Administration ($75,887), Information ($72,212), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($69,502).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($50,041), Manufacturing ($48,065), and Public Administration ($46,079).

Establishments by Size

The industries with the most establishments

8,484
Educational Services, Health Care & Social Assistance
4,026
Professional, Scientific & Management, and Administrative & Waste Management Services
3,742
Other Services, Except Public Administration

The visualization shows the distribution of establishments by industry and by size according to the number of employees.

Payroll by Industry Sector

The industries with the highest total annual payroll

$10M
Educational Services, Health Care & Social Assistance
$9.05M
Manufacturing
$3.48M
Wholesale Trade

The chart shows the total annual payroll and the average annual payroll by industry.

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Pennsylvania and New Jersey to other states, or from other states to Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound Pennsylvania and New Jersey product (by dollars) was Pharmaceuticals with $174B, followed by Mixed freight ($117B) and Electronics ($112B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Pennsylvania and New Jersey products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

$634B

2020 Value in New Jersey

$1.35T

Projected 2050 Value in New Jersey

113% growth

$722B

2020 Value in Pennsylvania

$1.46T

Projected 2050 Value in Pennsylvania

103% growth

In 2020, total outbound New Jersey trade was $634B. This is expected to increase 113% to $1.35T by 2050.

Comparatively, total outbound Pennsylvania trade was $722B. This is expected to increase 103% to $1.46T by 2050.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Pennsylvania and New Jersey to other states, or from other states to Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Most Common Trade Partners

New York
$187B
Ohio
$57.2B
Maryland
$41.3B

In 2020, the top outbound Pennsylvania and New Jersey domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New York with $187B, followed by Ohio with $57.2B and Maryland and $41.3B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Pennsylvania and New Jersey shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey and Pennsylvania went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 52.9% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (45.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (0.969%).

Bob Casey Jr., John Fetterman, Bob Menendez, and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing the state of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Pennsylvania and New Jersey is currently represented by 29 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ. Showing the available data for New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (52.9%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (45.9%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (0.969%)
Libertarian Party

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New Jersey and Pennsylvania for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Pennsylvania and New Jersey

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Bob Casey Jr.

Senator from Pennsylvania

Assumed office on January 3, 2007

John Fetterman

Senator from Pennsylvania

Assumed office on January 3, 2023

Bob Menendez

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on January 17, 2006
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Jon Corzine, who was elected Governor of New Jersey.

Cory Booker

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on October 31, 2013
Elected to the seat to succeed Jeffrey Chiesa, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Frank Lautenberg.

Bob Casey Jr., John Fetterman, Bob Menendez, and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Pennsylvania and New Jersey over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Pennsylvania and New Jersey

Pennsylvania and New Jersey is currently represented by 29 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Pennsylvania and New Jersey have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ awarded 10,011 degrees. The student population of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ in 2021 is skewed towards women, with 15,690 male students and 24,411 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are White (6,307 and 66.6%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (1,369 and 14.5%), Black or African American (634 and 6.7%), and Unknown (528 and 5.58%).

The largest universities in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ by number of degrees awarded are Lehigh University (2,158 and 21.6%), Northampton County Area Community College (1,471 and 14.7%), and DeSales University (983 and 9.82%).

The most popular majors in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ are General Business Administration & Management (652 and 6.51%), Registered Nursing (455 and 4.55%), and General Psychology (324 and 3.24%).

The median tuition cost in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ for private four year colleges is $46,799.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2021 in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ, the percentage of applicants admitted was 55.8%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 20.9%. The number of students enrolled in 2021 was 40,101 (39.1% men and 60.9% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2021 there were 40,101 students enrolled in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ, 39.1% men and 60.9% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 22,518 records, of which 61.4% were women and 38.6% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Business Administration & Management
336 degree-majors awarded
General Finance
276 degree-majors awarded
General Psychology
252 degree-majors awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was General Business Administration & Management with 336 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Lehigh University
2,158 degrees awarded
Northampton County Area Community College
1,471 degrees awarded
DeSales University
983 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Lehigh University with 2,158 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2021, 3,662 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ, which is 0.577 times less than the 6,349 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 6,307 degrees mean that there were 4.61 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 1,369 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($46,799) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Public, 2-year ($1,710) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Public, 2-year ($1,800) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Measure

In 2021, 0.852% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.854% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population in 2021 were High School or Equivalent (5.45M), Bachelors Degree (3.68M), and Some college (3.15M).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was $227,900 in 2021, which is 0.931 times smaller than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $219,200 to $227,900, a 3.97% increase. The homeownership rate in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ is 68.9%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ have an average commute time of 27.5 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ is $73,091. In 2021, the county with the highest Median Household Income in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was Morris County, NJ with a value of $123,727, followed by Hunterdon County, NJ and Somerset County, NJ, with respective values of $123,373 and $121,695.

Housing

Property

$227,900

Median Property Value 2021

±$1,897

$228,230

Median Property Taxes

±$3,024

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

68.9%

Homeownership

2021

61.2%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 68.9% of the housing units in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 68.9%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the county with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ was Morris County, NJ with a value of $123,727, followed by Hunterdon County, NJ and Somerset County, NJ, with respective values of $123,373 and $121,695.

The following map shows all of the counties in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$73,091

Median Household Income

± $1,115

331k

Number of Households

± 4,284

In 2021, the median household income of the 331k households in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ grew to $73,091 from the previous year's value of $69,769.

The following chart displays the households in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ is from Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

0.467

2021 Wage GINI in Pennsylvania

0.466

2020 Wage GINI in Pennsylvania

0.49

2021 Wage GINI in New Jersey

0.49

2020 Wage GINI in New Jersey

In 2021, the income inequality in Pennsylvania was 0.467 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.147% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Pennsylvania was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Pennsylvania in comparison to the national average.

In the same year, the income inequality in New Jersey was 0.49 and income inequality had a 0.0372% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for New Jersey was higher than than the national average of 0.478, meaning wages are distributed less evenly in New Jersey in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (78.4%)
Worked At Home (8.68%)
Carpooled (7.87%)

In 2021, 78.4% of workers in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (8.68%) and those who carpooled to work (7.87%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

27.5 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ have a longer commute time (27.5 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 3.83% of the workforce in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

10.4% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ (87.2k out of 835k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Males 6 - 11.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

94.6% of the population of Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ has health coverage, with 53.7% on employee plans, 15.7% on Medicaid, 14.3% on Medicare, 10.2% on non-group plans, and 0.712% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Pennsylvania see 1222 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.05% decrease from the previous year (1235 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1406 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 421 patients per year.

Similarly, primary care physicians in New Jersey see 1171 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.679% decrease from the previous year (1179 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1139 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 383 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

1,222 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Pennsylvania

1,171 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in New Jersey

Primary care physicians in Pennsylvania see an average of 1,222 patients per year. This represents a 1.05% decrease from the previous year (1,235 patients).

Primary care physicians in New Jersey see an average of 1,171 patients per year. This represents a 0.679% decrease from the previous year (1,179 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 22.8% under 18 years, 19.9% between 18 and 34 years, 39.8% between 35 and 64 years, and 17.6% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 48.6% were men and 51.4% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

5.38%

Uninsured

53.7%

Employer Coverage

15.7%

Medicaid

14.3%

Medicare

10.2%

Non-Group

0.712%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ grew by 0.253% from 5.37% to 5.38%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.